Compassion and the Individual by Tenzin Gyatso, the fourteenth Dali Essay

Sympathy and the Individual by Tenzin Gyatso, the fourteenth Dali Lama - Essay Example There is a refering to in the article of a flooding number of psychological instabilities in the United States making up about 12% of everybody. A closer appraisal indicated that the primary driver of these conditions were not absence of material belongings the same number of may think, yet ‘deprivation of the warmth of the others.’ In spite of the fact that the goal of life might be seen as satisfaction, sympathy is one of the key ways this is accomplished. The term sympathy is utilized portray an assortment of different things, for example, love. The view for this situation is that everybody attempts to be upbeat since the time they are conceived. Each activity that is attempted, for example, playing with toys, mingling, etc are done to satisfy the desire to be upbeat. It is an outflow of human will, and potentially one of the reason forever. The issue in any case is that individuals are not generally cheerful in spite of endeavoring their best to be. Notwithstanding all the activities that people attempt and the figment that they may all achieve, Gyatso fights that the concealed target is to be upbeat. Be that as it may, Gyatso goes an additional mile to clarify how this satisfaction can be achieved. He at first bunches joy into two, mental and physical joy. Brain satisfaction for this situation is taken to be of more noteworthy centrality when contrasted with physical bliss. Mental joy can be accomplished by committing out most genuine endeavors to bringing mental harmony, which would assist us with living in bliss. Mental serenity as indicated by Gyatso is best gotten from the improvement of adoration and sympathy. Every individual is seen as a significant piece of society where the joy of others directs the bliss of one self. It is consequently ones commitment to think about the satisfaction of others since it impact internal serenity. Inward serenity of the brain assumes the job of grasping satisfaction in one’s life, especially by defeating issues that are ever present throughout everyday life. Gyatso states that these issues might be seen by

The 1972 Munich Olympics

The creation and utilization of the nuclear bomb might be considered as the start of the new world whenever estimated by the innovation and science as this specific occasion has made the course of events previously, then after the fact. There are a great deal of reasons why this specific occasion ought to be considered as the start of the advanced occasions, and one of the principle reasons is the nonappearance of the way back.Advertising We will compose a custom evaluation test on Using science and innovation as the measure, when did the cutting edge world start? explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More People can't disregard the innovation, researchers can't stop the way toward creating the bomb on the planet and, in this manner, they can't ensure that the nuclear bomb will never be utilized. It is only conceivable to recollect the occasions previously and during the World War II to comprehend that the cutting edge world will never be equivalent to it was the point at which the nuclear bomb didn't exist. One of the sources states, â€Å"War overwhelmed and can nearly be said to have decided worldwide legislative issues in the twentieth century. War stressed the domains the Europeans had built so arduously in the nineteenth century. In the main portion of the twentieth century, those domains scarcely suffered, and in the subsequent half, they all collapsed† (Fernandez-Armesto 987). War and pressure in the connections between the nations were the principle explanations behind the eruption of advancements and improvement in the weapon circle. The weapons contest was extremely significant for the nations as even in view of the Postwar Disillusionment (Fernandez-Armesto 958) after the First World Was and the longing to forestall another contention, the World War II was unavoidable on account of the quantity of reasons. Be that as it may, the wars can't be known as the start of the cutting edge world the same number of wars were held before and the improvement in weapon can't be considered as the issue. Be that as it may, nuclear bomb is another perspective. It is the start of the cutting edge world as it offers completely new degree of driving the war and Hiroshima and Nagasaki is an incredible model. Recalling the historical backdrop of the production of the nuclear bomb, the very straightforward story rises. Being worried about the possibility that that Hitler will make a nuclear bomb US and UK chose to cooperate on the formation of such weapon. Accordingly, the bomb was made and it was utilized on Japan.Advertising Looking for appraisal on history? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The day when nuclear bombs was utilized in Hiroshima and Nagasaki is the day of the start of the new present day time, the period when the weapon of the mass demolition was applied toward a person (Hepp 126). Consequently, this occasions (the making of the nuclear bomb) is the start of the new present day life because of the way that this case is significant. It has made the Japan populace to begin another timetable which begins with â€Å"after† the nuclear bomb use. Abiding in insight regarding the start of another Age of Atom weapon, the memories of an individual who made due after the assault on Hiroshima in 1945 ought to be thought of. Dr. Michihiko Hachiya recalls that â€Å"Suddenly, a solid blaze of light frightened me †and afterward another† (â€Å"Surviving the Atomic Attack on Hiroshima† n.p.). The depiction reminds about the world creation, when a sprinkle brought forth the entire humanity. Nuclear bomb use is actually the start of the new period, the time when individuals are o fear the innovations they make, the time where the science starts the primary impacting power in practical and political life. These days, every nation attempts to make something advancement in the realm of science as the nation improvement relies u pon it. Since the production of the Atom bomb, individuals are centered around science and the revelations which are made there all together not to miss the start of another, increasingly inventive time. In this way, it might be inferred that the thought of the formation of the nuclear bomb as the beginning stage for the advanced world is sensible. This is the occasion which has isolated the entire history of the humanity on before the nuclear bomb creation and after it. It is difficult to consider all the more remarkable and deciding development in the logical world. Thinking about science as the measure for recognizing the start of the cutting edge world, it is imperative to check the disclosures which put the world in light of the current situation which can't be rectified. The development of the nuclear bomb is actually such an occasion as these days this reality makes the entire humanity live in dread and steady strain being anxious about the possibility that that one of the na tions will utilize this sort of weapon. In addition, there is a thought that the start is there where the end is. Such guideline works in the maze yet it is impeccably fits the circumstance. Nuclear bomb creation was the start of the world, and it might turn into the finish of the human presence if this sort of weapon is utilized. Nuclear bombs are planned for annihilating of everything on the Earth and production of this kind of weapon is in no way, shape or form the start of the cutting edge human progress which may crush itself.Advertising We will compose a custom appraisal test on Using science and innovation as the measure, when did the advanced world start? explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe. World: Brief History, Combined Vol. New York: Academic Internet Publishers, 2009. Print. Hepp, John H. â€Å"Historical Foundations of the Modern World.† Lectures 6 March 2012. Print. â€Å"Surviving the Atomic Attack on Hi roshima, 1945,† EyeWitness to History, 2011 Web. www.eyewitnesstohistory.com This evaluation on Using science and innovation as the measure, when did the cutting edge world start? was composed and put together by client Venus Dee Milo to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Writing a Debate Essay

Writing a Debate EssayWriting a debate essay is a crucial skill for you to master. It is a skill that enables you to tell an idea to the public. A debate essay can be as personal or as impersonal as you want it to be. It should also have a strong argument to back up your words.However, before you can start writing your debate essay, you have to select the topics for debate. The topics that are appropriate for a debate will determine how well your essay will speak. Most likely, this will depend on how you are writing your essay.Let's say that you choose a special topic that needs to be discussed. If you pick a topic that isn't as important, you will not be able to communicate effectively. On the other hand, if you pick a topic that is important, it will make the essay more interesting.To make your essay more interesting, you can either write a poem about your topic, or write a short story. The first one will take less time, but it won't have any effect on the quality of your essay. Wh en you get to the 'fight' portion of your essay, you have to determine whether you are going to use your imagination or whether you are going to rely on logic. Just write what comes to mind, and don't worry about how it will come out in your essay.The 'fight' portion of your essay consists of points to debate and the arguments that you have prepared. If you want to make a point, you should start off with something simple and then go from there.If you're debating the topic of love, the argument for the debate could be as simple as 'Why love?' A point made during a debate should be one that is focused on the issue and should not cause trouble in the reader's mind. A person who thinks that he or she knows a lot about the topic is a person who should not be trusted when he or she is speaking.Writing a debate essay is a skill that everyone should learn. Although the skills of writing a debate essay are not hard to learn, some people are not blessed with writing skills and tend to waste t heir time.

Comparative Analysis Of The School Days Of An Indian Girl

Comparative Analysis When reading The School Days of an Indian Girl by Zitkala-sa, it shows us a view of ethnic identity. By telling us how a little girl is in a home, away from her mother, while learning how to adapt to the new culture she’s in. In Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison, it shows us a different view of a man in another form of an ethnic identity. It shows us that the man is seen as a different person then who he really is, instead of a black man who isn’t seen as what he actually is. In Why I am A Pagan by Zitkala-sa, it used cultural identity by focusing on how the world lost the connection it was given thousands of years ago. How the world is not as one with nature as it should be. It’s as if the world is a person itself, who†¦show more content†¦In Invisible Man, by Ralph Ellison, it talks about how the man in the story has struggled to accept who he is, and how he is seen by other’s around him. This girl comes up to him and tells him about a terrible and evil dream she had, showing him that he can accept himself when others don’t need too. He says in the story, â€Å"I myself, after existing some twenty years, did not become alive until I discover my invisibility.† (Ellison 4) By him understanding that invisibility is not only within himself, but with those all around him, he knows that he can try to overcome it. Which is how a girl in a religious family relies on those around her. A religious family in the story Why I am a Pagan by Zitkala-sa, talks about how this little girl was taught certain things that her family has always gone by. What she was taught, she now holds close to her life dearly, while also relying on it every moment of the day. Her life shows us a different view on cultural identity, how she was taught something important not only to her, but in everyone else’s as well. By showing her what the kind of men in her life mean the most to her. She says something about her religion, how it reflects her past, present, and future, along with what she stands for. She says, â€Å"I was taught long years ago by kind missionaries to read the holy book, these godly men taught me also the folly of our old beliefs.† (Zitkala-sa 2) In her culture, andShow MoreRelatedCorporate Social Responsibility : A Comparative Study Of Sbi And Icici Essay1611 Words   |  7 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility: A Comparative Study of SBI and ICICI in India Ms. AnkitaPatel1 1Research scholar, Business Studies Dept., Sardar Patel University AdhyapakSahayak, Anand Law College, Anand-388001, Gujarat, India. Email – 2007ankitapatel@gmail.com Abstract: At present Banking sector plays a significant role in the development of the nation, not only as a pillar of the financial system of the nation but also by contributing toward the society. 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Foreign Public Policy Essays - 689 Words

Foreign Public Policy Analysis Directions: Choose one specific foreign policy issue in American government and complete a public policy analysis of how the problem was addressed. Stage I Agenda Setting: How did this issue arrive on the public policy agenda? Identify specific linkage institutions and describe their roles and influence in placing this issue on the policy agenda. The Ebola virus was first discovered in the year 1976 in Africa. Since then, there have been countless outbreaks of this virus documented in several different countries across Africa. The issue of the Ebola virus first arrived on the public policy agenda in the year of 2014. In march of this year, there was an outbreak in west Africa. Stage II Policy Formulation:†¦show more content†¦Any who were at high risk or some risk had to have daily check ups from health officials for a total of 21 days straight. These policies showed to be very effective at containing the disease and preventing it from spreading. I would characterize these policies as true reform. Stage V Policy Change: Based on what you learned in the evaluation of the policy, is it necessary to revise the policy? Why or why not? In your opinion, what would have to happen for the policy to change? Basing my analysis on what Ive previously learned about the policies, I believe it would be necessary to constantly check and revise the policies on Ebola. These revisions would help to make any improvements to the system possible and ensure the highest regulations on safety for the general public would be set. Stage VI Policy Termination: Should this public policy be ended? What factors would lead to termination of this public policy? Who has the most to gain from maintaining the policy and who has the most to lose? I do not believe at all that these public policies should be stopped or terminated. These policies were set in place to keep the deadly virus from west Africa from spreading throughout the United States. 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Music Traditions Around the World Chapter Essay Example For Students

Music Traditions Around the World Chapter Essay Live musical performances, in several aspects, are often associated with heavy partying, drinking, and promiscuity. Professional harpists are no exception to the pressure of caving to this kind of lifestyle. Don Cesar Unquenched explains in his interview that his father was subjected to a great deal of pressure to engage in heavy drinking that could last up to several days. Professional harpists were integral to a variety of celebrations and ceremonies in Tundras and the surrounding regions. For this reason, harpists were in extremely high demand and traveled the country for events frequently. Harpists not only suffered from the exhaustion of playing for several days at these celebrations, but were also highly encouraged by the attendants of these events to engage in drinking. The temptation was often difficult to ignore for these harpists, as they were subjected to witness the party-goers engaging in what seemed like never-ending drinking. Don Cesar Meniscuss father was of the very few professional harpists to successfully resist the urge to submit to such heavy pressure throughout his entire career. He saw how many harpists suffered the harsh consequences of spending all their earnings on alcohol and leaving their families penniless in the end. Unquenched Sir. Swore to himself that he would not cause such hardship for his family, and worked hard to obtain property for his family to inherit. For much of Don Careers life, the suffering a professional harpist went through kept him from becoming one himself. From reading Don Careers personal accounts, it seems as though Cesar believed he was not strong enough to ear the temptation and exhaustion that accompanied harp playing. However, Don Cesar eventually gave up his first career as a hat maker in order to become a professional harpist because he could not ignore the Joy it brought himself to see others love his music. Cesar greatly admired his fathers hard work and found peace in being able to live on his fathers greatness through becoming a professional harpist himself. 2. Salvador Allendale response to the Nava Action style of music greatly contrasted that of the government that both lead up to and followed his presidency in Chile. Allendale vision for Chile greatly mirrored the messages that were conveyed through Nava Action songs. During his campaign in 1970, Allendale and speakers of his Popular Unity Party incorporated the use of a Nava Action ensemble between speeches. This style of music allowed the people, specifically workers, peasants and students, to speak out against their oppression and expose the social injustices brought on by corrupt politics. Allendale recognized Nava Scansions power to unite the people of Chile who were under brutal attacks of the government, and in a way eave the people tangible hope for Chilean reform. Immediately following the military Music Traditions Around the World Chapter Essay By Kelsey 2 the presence of Nava Action in any form, including imprisonment of Nava Action musicians. The government understood how greatly this style of music influenced the opinions of the Chilean people and saw it as a threat for maintaining control. However, Nava Action did not die with Allendale death in 1973. Musicians and the people of Chile continued to work to spread the music in order to fight against corruption. 3. Repeat of Question 1) 4. Andean Ensembles are important to the indigenous people of the Andes Mountains because this music is in expression of the cultural values held within that region. This music style encompasses all aspects of Andean culture that is deeply valued by the natives of the Andes, and allows for the culture to maintain its richness for younger generations. In fact, the reason Andean Ensemble has sustained itself for so long is because it appeals to the young teenag ers inspired to make music. Andean .uba941ecd0f6ffb4fb38617616bce5564 , .uba941ecd0f6ffb4fb38617616bce5564 .postImageUrl , .uba941ecd0f6ffb4fb38617616bce5564 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uba941ecd0f6ffb4fb38617616bce5564 , .uba941ecd0f6ffb4fb38617616bce5564:hover , .uba941ecd0f6ffb4fb38617616bce5564:visited , .uba941ecd0f6ffb4fb38617616bce5564:active { border:0!important; } .uba941ecd0f6ffb4fb38617616bce5564 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uba941ecd0f6ffb4fb38617616bce5564 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uba941ecd0f6ffb4fb38617616bce5564:active , .uba941ecd0f6ffb4fb38617616bce5564:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uba941ecd0f6ffb4fb38617616bce5564 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uba941ecd0f6ffb4fb38617616bce5564 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uba941ecd0f6ffb4fb38617616bce5564 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uba941ecd0f6ffb4fb38617616bce5564 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uba941ecd0f6ffb4fb38617616bce5564:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uba941ecd0f6ffb4fb38617616bce5564 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uba941ecd0f6ffb4fb38617616bce5564 .uba941ecd0f6ffb4fb38617616bce5564-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uba941ecd0f6ffb4fb38617616bce5564:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music Report Essay SummaryEnsembles appeal to outsiders of the region because of how well the music style traveled across continental borders. Since many natives of the Andes traveled to different regions of the world to trade a variety of textile goods, including woven ponchos and blanket, the music traveled with them. These Andean travelers developed relationships with people of a variety of cultures and shared their love for Andean Ensembles with them. Andean music styles attracted so many people on a global scale because of its unique sounds and specific attention to all details surrounding the music.

Innovations In Health And Social Care Social Work Essay Essay Example

Innovations In Health And Social Care Social Work Essay Essay This paper will endeavor to place, comparison and contrast two innovatory alterations which have taken topographic point within Health and Social Care. This paper will discourse the chosen inventions and research them in deepness explicating the thoughts, history and issues environing them. It will concentrate on issues such as drivers for alteration, values and research. It has been hard seeking to make up ones mind on two inventions to discourse within this paper as there are many inventions within Health and Social Care and more and more evolving each twenty-four hours. The two that I have decided to concentrate on are that of Certain Start and valuing people now. The Certain Start programme emerged from the labour authoritiess comprehensive disbursement reappraisal, set up shortly after they came into power in 1997. This involved a comprehensive site reappraisal of authorities sections every bit good as placing six cross cutting reappraisals one of which involved services for immature people. ( www.dhsspsni.gov.uk/surestartprogramme ) We will write a custom essay sample on Innovations In Health And Social Care Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Innovations In Health And Social Care Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Innovations In Health And Social Care Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Certain Start brings together Childcare and early instruction, wellness and household support services for households with kids under 5 old ages of age. It is the basis of the authoritiess drives to undertake child poorness and societal exclusion working with parents to be, parents, carers and kids to advance the physical, rational and societal development of babes and immature kids so that they can boom at place and at school. Certain Start brings together service suppliers from the statutory sector like Health, Social Services and early instruction every bit good as voluntary, private and community administrations and parents themselves to supply incorporate services for immature kids and their households based on what local kids need and parents want. ( www.dcsf.gov.uk ) The thoughts for Certain Start were developed due to the demands and demands of kids, parents and households. The undermentioned discusses the model about where this invention came from. The 1998 Green Paper run intoing the child care challenge is a historic papers that sets out the national child care scheme. The purpose of the scheme is to guarantee good quality low-cost kid attention for kids aged 0-4 in every vicinity including both formal child care and back uping informal agreements by raising the quality of attention and doing child care more accessible by increasing topographic points and bettering information. In September 2003 Every Child Matters a green paper was published for audience this formed portion of the authoritiess response to the enquiry undertaken into the decease of Victoria Climbie and developed a model for edifice on the success of local Sure Start programmes to beef up preventive services by concentrating on the cardinal subjects. It increased the focal point on back uping households and carers guaranting necessary intercession before kids reach crisis point and purposes to protect kids from falling through the net. It will turn to the implicit in jobs identified in the Victoria Climbie inquiry study of weak answerability and hapless integrating guaranting that the people working with kids are values rewarded and trained. ( www.helensandersonassociates.co.uk ) The green paper besides introduced a positive vision of the results it wished to accomplish. The five results have been identified through audience with kids, immature people and their households. Those that mattered most to the kids were: To be healthy To do a positive part To remain safe To accomplish economic well being To bask and accomplish This audience gave clear indorsement to the authorities programs for extremist and positive alteration for the manner in which statutory, voluntary and community based services respond to identified demands of kids, immature people and their households. ( Every Child Matters ) In December 2006 the National audit office reported on Children s Centres identified a figure of countries for development. The demand to make more to place households with the highest demands and do them cognizant of the services on offer and assist them entree the services. It identified that the usage if effectual schemes were needed to convey services to those households and more needed to be done to better services for male parents, parents of kids with disablements and for cultural minorities in countries with smaller minority populations. More needful to be done to in raising the quality of services and doing them more relevant to the demands of lone parents, teenage parents and cultural minorities in countries with big minority populations. ( www.nao.org.uk ) The Certain start extended schools a child care groups value diverseness and is determined to guarantee that all persons are treated reasonably with self-respect and regard. It recognises the importance of all kids to populate in a diverse, multi cultural society. It is committed excessively: Helping guarantee that all Sure Start attention services promote societal inclusion through a positive start in immature kids s lives. They are unfastened to all adhere excessively and implement equality and inclusion policies processs and patterns. Provide appropriate, relevant and accessible activities. Supply a safe environment and a supportive and welcoming environment. ( Every Child Matters ) Research informs us that better results for kids and their households depend on integrating of cosmopolitan services with targeted and more specialized aid and on conveying services together around the demands of the kid and household. Children and immature people will have progressively personalised attention from wellness services in line with the criterions of section of Health s National Service model for kids, immature people s and pregnancy services recognizing that service bringing within the Certain Start programme needed to be informed by research grounds based and focussed on quality results for kids and their households. ( www.helensandersonassociates.co.uk ) The direction board of Sure Start is made up of local statutory services, community administrations, religion groups and parents it commissioned preparation and support in individual centred attacks, individual centred planning and to develop the construct of household indispensable lifestyle programs. Certain Start uses a individual centred attack this merely means working in a manner that reflects values underpinning individual centred planning. There are besides a figure of practical tools called individual centred approached that offer a different manner of garnering information about what is of import to person, what they want for their hereafter or what support they need. This is really different from typical appraisals. Professionals can utilize individual centred attacks to larn more about the kids and households they support but in a different manner. The chief interest holders of Certain Start are kids under the age of 4, the section of Health and Social services and public safety, parents and administrations statutory or private community or voluntary that work with represent or supply services to kids and their households. An all party group of MP s have been launched to defend the work of Certain start kids s services within parliament. The move is portion of a wider run by Children called Shout Out For A Sure Start, which is backed by Children A ; Young People Now and aims to advance the work of Centres among households every bit good as portion good pattern. ( www.cypnow.co.uk ) As with any new thought there are by and large organizational deductions that come manus in manus as there are with the Sure Start service some of these are: Certain Start takes clip and resources to develop and prolong. Challenges organizational civilization and patterns. Parental engagement in determination devising plants in a figure of ways. Fully grant funded programme To prolong it at that place will necessitate to be dedicated resources and dedicated staff. Approachs to parental engagement demand to be embedded in pattern at each phase of service design and bringing. Approaches need to be stepped, flexible, antiphonal diverse and on traveling. ( www.sprc.unsw.edu.au/media/ /Report2_09_Lessons_from_Sure_Start.rtf ) The Sure Start service requires professional members of staff that are trained and knowing to assist accomplish their ends. As a Social Worker working within this scene you would necessitate to hold cognition of the function of kids s services cognition of the local area- lodging, background of local occupants, schools and other major services for the country. You would necessitate to be cognizant of the information sharing protocols and the boundaries around confidentiality. Knowledge of how to guarantee your ain personal safety. The restrictions and boundaries of your function so that referrals can be made at the appropriate clip. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dcsf.gov.uk/everychildmatters/earlyyears/surestart/thesurestartprinciples/principles/ ) The accomplishments the Social Worker would necessitate travel manus in manus with the cognition that is required. The Skills required would be to work sensitively proactively and persistently with households in disputing fortunes. To be able to move as an advocator for the household and to follow up affairs raised both with households and other bureaus. Be able to reflect critically on your pattern and act as an advocator to guarantee safe pattern and instance burden direction. Be able to promote and steer parents/carers to interact positively with their kids. The usage of effectual guidance accomplishments would be good and the demand to be able to pass on and prosecute good with households and kids in both group and one to one scenes is a must. Since its origin, the administration of Certain Start has undergone a figure of displacements. It was ab initio designed around local strategies, which emphasised diverseness and parental engagement ; it so became more centrally organised through Children s Centres offering some combination of child care services, rearing categories, and health care. There have been a figure of jobs with the strategy. Originally, Certain Start programmes were developed in economically deprived countries, but intentionally non targeted specifically at low-income households: the purpose being both to cut down the stigma of such intercessions, and to promote, the trickle-down consequence of good parenting behaviors from middle-class users of Certain Start services. In consequence, this meant that users of the Sure Start services tended to be the wrong people those parents and kids considered to be less in demand of them while the hard to make continued to happen, the excess attending of service suppliers in SSLP countries nerve-racking and intrusive . ( www.spiked-online.com/index.php/site/article/9043/ ) There was besides the job of Certain Start weakness to accomplish its declared ends: so, as NESS found in 2006, the strategy failed to hike pre-schoolers development, linguistic communication and behavior, and it really had an adverse impact on children from comparatively more socially disadvantaged households ( teenage female parents, lone parents, workless families ) . However, these specific jobs were non adequate to discourage policymakers from their belief in the importance of early intercession. The fancy for Certain Start among middle-class users of its services helped to hike its political popularity. Meanwhile, the National Evaluation of Sure Start has produced subsequently findings, from which they conclude that, in fact, children and their households benefited from life in Certain Start Local Programme countries . Valuing people Despite the attempts of some extremely committed staff, public services have failed to do consistent advancement in get the better ofing the societal exclusion of people with learning disablements. ( Department of Health, 2001, p. 19 ) Valuing Peoples Now is a three twelvemonth scheme launched on 19th January 2009, that aims to better the lives of people with larning disablements, and the lives of their households and carers. The white paper called valuing people was a UK authorities enterprise. It is based on the belief that people with learning disablements are people foremost. They have the right to take their lives like any others, with the same chances and duties. It is based on individual centred planning. Valuing Peoples Now work includes: Employment Housing Families Health Workforce Issues Other work: including Advocacy, Hate Crime and making out to Black and cultural communities. Drivers The Valuing Peoples ( White Paper, 2001 ) sets out a clear vision for people with larning disablements to have a broad scope of person-centred supports and services from different administrations, in order to present: enhanced societal inclusion publicity of independency publicity of pick and control enablement of people to bask civil rights and duties equivalent to any other citizen. The cardinal drivers for alteration are: Discrimination Strong-arming Insensitive intervention Bias Health Education Valuing Peoples Now ( January 2008 audience paper ) sets as one of its four chief precedences for farther action What Peoples Do During the Day . Local governments and spouses must be after to enable significantly more people with larning disablements to be able to entree work. ( valuingpeople.gov.uk ) There has been a specific group set up to defend the valuing people now programme called valuing people title-holders this is excessively create Champions in all the council adult societal attention sections and local supplier administrations. The Champions will be in charge of the bringing of Valuing Peoples Now from within that administration or section. So far, the undermentioned administrations have committed to the Champions Programme. Alternate Futures Brothers of Charity Acorn Farm Crossroads Care Westwood Care and Support Community Partners ( KMBC ) ( www.Gov.uk ) A common set of nucleus values and committednesss underpins valuing people now. Independence Citizenship Authorization Social inclusion Respect for diverseness Care and protection for vulnerable people The chief interest holders for this policy are policy shapers, regulators, users, the work force, carers, grownups, practicians and directors ( www.sci.org.uk ) . Since being set up this has had major impact on the manner service is delivered. More people with learning disablements are holding a pick about their lives and more people have individual centred programs More people now have one-year wellness cheques and leading within NHS has improved towards attention for people with larning disablements More people with learning disablements are now populating in places of their ain with support Advanced attacks are being used to guarantee that more people with larning disablements get existent paid occupations Most significantly, nevertheless, has been the realization from all members of the Valuing Peoples Now Team and its stakeholders that for this shared vision to be a success we all need to work together. ( www.valuing people.gov.uk ) The Department of Health launched the Learning Disability Research Initiative. This was a policy related programme of research that sought to committee a scope of research undertakings turn toing issues relevant to the new policies laid out in Valuing Peoples. The undertaking was commissioned by the Department of Health under the Learning Disability Research Initiative. The chief grounds for commissioning the undertaking were that there was, at that clip, no robust grounds either of the impact of presenting valuing people now or of those factors which may either facilitate or hinder the debut and effectivity of valuing people now. The brinies purposes of the undertaking were to: aˆ? Evaluate the impact of the debut of valuing people now on the life experiences of people with larning disablements and the nature and costs of supports provided to people with learning disablements. aˆ? Identify personal, contextual and organizational factors which appear to either facilitate or hinder the debut and effectivity of valuing people now. ( valuing people.gov.uk ) The valuing people rule is a complex invention in larning disablement services necessitating important alterations to set up organizational civilizations and patterns The manner direct attention staff work The relationship between administrations, the users of those services and their households The manner of direction adopted in services The functions played by attention directors in the valuing people procedure The types of services bought utilizing public money Who provides services and perchance in different ways from the yesteryear How services are planned at a strategic degree. The Government set up the Learning Disability Task Force so that they could reexamine the advancement of these Valuing Peoples enterprises in action. They besides put together a Valuing People Support Team that would run on a national graduated table, helping where required. It is thought that although advancement is slower than possibly anticipated, there is now at least some action being taken to turn to the issues faced by people with larning disablements, and the ends remain the same equal rights, egoistic planning and societal inclusion Working as a Social Worker within a learning disablements puting you would necessitate to hold a sound cognition base and accomplishments including: History and context of larning disablement services Communication Relationships Accessing and utilizing information Independence and good being working in partnership with household carers societal inclusion working with people with autism positive behavior support. ( www.ldaf.org.uk ) Valuing people and Certain Start In comparing both these inventions have been proposed by the people for the people. Both inventions have had input from stakeholders to discourse what they want to alter how they want these alterations made and what outcomes they wish to accomplish. Both inventions are set to heighten, better and develop the services for kids and households and people with larning troubles. They have both been developed to do life better for the people working with the people. Both were authorities white documents . The valuing people policy states that the Sure Start invention should hold good entree to quality drama chances including one to one support and quality drama equipment. From this you can see that these two inventions work manus in manus with each other. The valuing people and Certain Start are funded by the local authorities this means that they will both hold to accomplish marks and ends and make the public presentation indexs set. Certain Start is a authorities enterprise aimed at bettering life and early educational opportunities for households populating within the most socially and economically deprived wards within Britain. Person centred planning is a manner of helping people to work out what they want, the support they require and assisting them to acquire it, and is the basis of the authorities s White Paper for people with larning disablements `Valuing Peoples ( Department of Health 2001 ) . The values and rules that underpin individual centred planning are every bit relevant to kids and their households served by Certain Start programmes. Person centred planning has historically been focussed on persons, and at Certain Start they developed individual centred programs that are written with the whole household, called Family Essential Lifestyle Plans. Skilful individual centred be aftering with an person will ever see the individual within the context of their household. However, Family Essential Lifestyle Plans take this a measure farther, recognize what is of import to each household member, and place the support that the kid and each single household member demands. Therefore they are child centred and yet household focussed. Both inventions work towards societal inclusion. Servicess were set up with respect to the differing demands at different ages. Hence Valuing People identified Certain Start as important in aiming services for immature kids. ( www.helensandersonassociates.co.uk ) The Government White Paper Valuing People includes a subdivision on parents with a learning disablement. Support for handicapped parents, including those with learning disablements is patchy and developing. Valuing people and Certain Start demand to be working together to develop this farther and supply sufficient support to those parents with larning troubles to assist them accomplish the best for their kids. What needs to be realised is that both these inventions are every bit of import as each other and to accomplish the best all multi disciplinary squads and bureaus need to convey together both Sure Start and Valuing people and work together to accomplish the results and guarantee all parents, kids immature people and households are socially included and are given the opportunity to make their full potency.

6 Tips for Negotiating the Salary You Want

6 Tips for Negotiating the Salary You Want You’ve got a job offer. Mini-wave in celebration of you! Except don’t write your â€Å"I quit† email to your current boss just yet. There’s still another step before your new job is official: the salary negotiation. In your offer letter (or email, or phone call), there was likely a salary amount in there somewhere. Remember what we usually tell you about the interview process? That you should hold off on discussing money and benefits until later in the process? Well, my friend, that time is now. Here are some tips you can use to maximize that process, and try to improve upon an initial offer.1. Be realistic.Know the market rate for your position. If you didn’t do this before your interview, do it now (thanks, Google!). You can check sites like Payscale.com and Salary.com to see what information is out there for people in your new position, at your new company, and/or at other companies. This will help you form a baseline of what you can reasonably e xpect. You can try for higher, but if you do that, make sure it’s on the same scale. Sure, you can reach for the stars, but if you demand $500K and a signing bonus Ferrari for a job that averages $60K and may offer an Uber discount, well†¦you will be laughed at (at best), or have your offer rescinded (at worst).2. It’s okay to haggle†¦These days, employers expect there to be a bit of negotiation. Sure, some people are so thankful for the job offer that they sign on the dotted line, no questions asked. However, it’s also common for employees to try for a higher salary. It’s not personal; the employer understands that you’re merely trying to get the best possible outcome for yourself. Once you receive the initial offer, respond graciously with a thank you, and make sure you’re clear that you’d like some time to consider your pay and benefits.3†¦but be nice.This is a dialogue with your new employer, not an adversary. You w ant the tone to be as pleasant and mutually beneficial as possible because soon you will have a personnel file with them. Be polite in all of your communication with them- and don’t let them forget how high a priority you put on being a good fit with their team.4. Don’t forget benefits.Salary may be the most important part of a new job offer/acceptance, but it’s not the only important thing. Take a good look at the benefits package that comes along with the salary. It can be an important fallback negotiation if they really won’t wiggle much on the salary itself. Can you get additional vacation/personal days? Can you add flexible work-from-home time? The negotiation should be considered a package negotiation, with less tangible benefits included in the bottom line as well.5. Have your talking points ready to go.Salary negotiation may follow quickly after the job offer. Once it starts, you don’t want to drag your feet too much. You should have all of your information ready to go so that you can keep the back-and-forth going over the next few days.Chances are, you’re like the rest of us and not an elite athlete whose contract saga can play out for months at a time with the team’s front office. It’s in your interest- and the company’s- to resolve this as quickly as possible to get you started in your new role. To help keep things moving, make sure you have your selling points (Experience! Market rates for this position! Millions of dollars in sales for your last company!) all lined up in your head (or even better, in your notebook) so that you can respond quickly and effectively.6. Know when to fold ‘em.There may be a point in the negotiation where the offered salary just won’t work for you, and the company is no longer willing to go higher. You should know ahead of time what your â€Å"no go† point is, and decide whether you still want to move forward with the job at that less-than -ideal offer. If you don’t, then it’s okay to walk away from the offer and go back into the job search process. If you decide to go ahead and accept, at least you know that you’ve done everything you can do to scoop up any money left on the table.Throughout the process, even if you’re not getting the ideal salary you have in your head, don’t get discouraged. You’ll have opportunities later to negotiate for raises. In the meantime, go out there, be confident, and grab those bucks!

Buyer Decision Process And Three Time Zones Marketing Essay

Buyer Decision Process And Three Time Zones Marketing Essay Communication is not only important in our day to day life. It is very important in business situations as well. Marketing communication is an essential method when building relationships with customers. With the globalisation and many factors competition has increased. Therefore in order to attract customers communication or marketing communication is becoming one of key method and it is becoming a more important factor when deciding the success in businesses in the modern world. When analysing the provided business situation it can be clearly seen that this organisation has been considering more on communication mix strategies and decreasing the customer satisfaction or providing less attention to the satisfaction of customers for some time. Communication mix is a method which is used by all the 3 dominant business philosophies that is production philosophy, selling philosophy and marketing philosophy in order to communicate with customers. There are many methods/tools in the comm unication mix including, advertising, personal selling, sales promotions, publicity, instructional materials, etc. There are many objectives of external communications (generated inside the organisation), building awareness, communicating product benefits and advantages, providing information to assist in the decision making process of the customers, differentiate products and influence the purchase decision. But now he has realized that only concentrating on communication mix strategies is not enough. If the customers are not happy or satisfied the negative word of mouth that can spread through them not only can erode effectiveness of the communication mix but also decrease the future sales. Therefore it can be clearly seen that he has identified the communications generated outside the organisation those can be either word of mouth or other communications which can be spread using various Medias including recent electronic variations can have an influence over marketing mix strate gies. Further it has mentioned that although majority of customers are satisfied, negative word of mouth generated by dissatisfied customers can damage the effectiveness of both communication mix and positive word of mouth. When customers are buying products once or twice in their life time then the word of mouth communication is more important because although the repeat purchase is negligible they tend to spread good or bad about your products and especially when they had received poor experience from specific products or service they tend to alert and warn their associates about those products. Another important factor here is the target market of this home building organisation is first home buyers. Therefore in this business situation when someone builds their house for the first time due to this is high involvement decision (high financial risk, social risk, etc.) customers tend to take advices from their peers. Further they may expect more from their first home because it is a big investment in their life time whereas building another house is a rare situation. Today with the development of technologies the power of the word of mouth communication has increased more. Various electronic media have immerged supporting the spread of word of mouth. For an example with through Skype anyone having an internet connection can get free video or voice calls freely. With social networks like Facebook, MySpace people are always sharing and connected to each other. Another emerging communication through internet is web blogs or forums. Through those kinds of methods people share their knowledge and experiences with all most all the people connected trough internet. Therefore if someone wants to get information about particular thing they can do it immediately and without time and space barriers.

The Providence Debate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Providence Debate - Research Paper Example The author considers that a balanced mixture of these two views offers a better perspective. The author proposes that God’s truth as revealed in the Holy Scriptures is reflected in some parts by the Calvinists view and in some parts by the Armininans and God’s truth regarding salvation is not monopolized wholly by just one of these two views. God Announced Salvation after the fall On the sixth day of creation, after forming everything which included the light, the firmament, the plants and the animals, God created man in His own image and put him in the Garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it; later Adam was joined by his wife Eve, the woman whom God formed from one of Adam's ribs.1 Adam and Eve had everything they needed and lived very close to God and just like in a fairy tale, they could have lived happily ever after. But they disobeyed God’s commandment: â€Å"But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die†.2 Thus the first man and woman fell to sin and the whole creation fell with them.3 The loving Almighty God, after the fall of man, even in the dawn of human history, had already announced the forthcoming salvation, as He said to the serpent: â€Å" And I will put enmity between thee and the woman and between thy seed and her seed: it shall bruise thy head and thou shalt bruise his heel.†4 The Holy Bible abounds with several verses which teach the way to salvation. In fact the whole Bible, with its old and new testaments, shows â€Å" God's way of having people come to know Him and His plan for mankind, His chosen and special people...who by faith will form the true family of God throughout eternity.†5 God's Thoughts Are Higher Than Our Thoughts Despite the so many verses pertaining to salvation (or maybe due to such great number), even the so-called 'faithfuls' have found themselves in opposite camps. This providence deb ate has been going on for centuries and perhaps, Christians will finally get the correct answer when they come face to face with our loving Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. Our God is a very great God. He is omniscient, omnipresent and omnipotent. He is the first and the last. We may come to know Him, but not yet as fully as we would have wanted. As it is written, â€Å"For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways My ways, saith the Lord. For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are My ways higher than your ways and My thoughts than your thoughts.†6 The Arminians and Calvinists Views A careful and prayerful study of the Holy Bible will reveal chapters and verses which support both the Arminian and Calvinist views. The Arminians View. The Arminians believe that salvation is brought about by the combined efforts of God who initiated the process and man who must respond to God's call. God has provided salvation for everyone, but His provision becomes effecti ve only for those who, of their own free will, 'choose' to cooperate with Him and accept His gracious offer of salvation. Thus man's response becomes the determining factor for the attainment of salvation. At the crucial point, man's will plays a decisive role; in this perspective, man, not God, determines who will be recipients of the gift of salvation.7,8 Arminianism emphasizes conditional election based on God's foreknowledge, man's free will through prevenient grace to cooperate with God in salvation,

Posner Terms 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Posner Terms 2 - Assignment Example The administrations also ignore the positive effects of societal goals on students such as reverence for associates, recognition of US position in international economy, international harmony and peace and US nationals’ right of safety. The inclusion of societal goals in curriculum is not an easy task. 2. Administrative Goal Posner (1995) defines administrative goals of educational institutions in terms of supervision and development of the institutions (p. 73). The administrative goals comprise teachers’ appointments, salaries and educational continuation, support required by staff, recognition and promotion of influential leaders, the development and supervision of particular curriculum, protection of staff and students and turnout of students. Educational institution’s building preservation, transport management, resourcing and overhauling planning and supervision and standardizing rules and regulations for students. As a student, I have noticed that administr ative goals are handled at school level and school administrators are involved in their development, regulation and improvement. 3. Bloom's Taxonomy and its Applicability to Writing Objectives ‘Cognitive, affective and psychomotor’ domains are part of Bloom’s taxonomy. ... As a student, I feel that cognitive activities are uncomplicated as compared to affective or psychomotor activities. Cognitive domain incorporates learning, understanding, implementation, evaluation and combination, all of which indicate that it is applicable to writing objectives. For writing, all the mentioned aspects are required. 4. Cognitive Domain Cognitive domain as described by Bloom deals with our thought patterns. Initially, brain was regarded as a mind muscle only but currently, it is an organ that makes a human being capable to use Bloom’s domains that are cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains (Anderson, et al, 2000). Cognitive domain can also be called intellectual domain. Our skills of causation, recollection and cogence of information are investigated by cognitive psychologists. These skills make us dissimilar to animals. We are able to understand and eulogize music, literature and art because of cognitive domain. Our thoughts, rationalizing and comprehen sion, all are permitted because of cognitive domain. In our studies, we have to use cognitive domain in order to comprehend, evaluate and reason to acquire knowledge. Any kind of study is impossible without incorporation of cognitive domain. 5. Purpose of Standards Posner (1995) describes the standards as defined specifics, capabilities and procedures that students are anticipated to acquire (p. 93). Sometimes, secondary educational institutions adopt and apply ‘behavioral objectives’ that appear as standards. These standards are quantifiable. The student performance can be judged as an indication of a continued knowledge acquisition procedure with the support of these standards. Standards define a

Attack by Siegfried Sassoon; Anthem for Doomed Youth by Wilfred :: English Literature

Attack by Siegfried Sassoon; Anthem for Doomed Youth by Wilfred Owen; Belfast Confetti by Ciaran Carson; No More Hiroshima's by James Kirkup Compare and contrast the attitudes to conflict shown in three or four of these poems, pointing out how the poets use language to explore their ideas and emotions. Two of the poems listed above, attack and anthem for doomed youth are to do with things that happened during world war 1. Both Wilfrid Owen and Siegfried Sassoon were involved with this war, fighting for their country. The poems that they wrote about the war told of their experiences and in attack some of the terrible things Sassoon saw and was made to do. Anthem for doomed youth is more about what happened to the people at home and what they had to go through when they realised their men weren't coming home. I think that the authors of these poems wrote about the war because they wanted people to realise that war wasn't a good thing, all it brought about was pain, suffering and it killed a lot of people unnecessarily. Belfast Confetti is written about the troubles in Northern Ireland. In it the poet Ciaran Carson describes his route through the troubled streets. the poem talks of home-made bombs, firing guns and other missiles. It mentions some of the street names that he goes through all of which are the names of battles in various wars. When reading the poem you imagine that it should be said very fast almost imitating the gun shots spoken about by the author. The last poem I'll be writing about is No More Hiroshima's by James Kirkup. This poem is all about what remains of the city of Hiroshima after an atomic bomb was dropped on it at the end of world war 2. Kirkup describes his first impressions of Hiroshima as he passes through and other things he saw there that made him upset. I think that he decided to write this poem because what he saw affected him greatly and in some way he was almost angry when he saw some of the inhabitants attempts at trying to once again reconstruct a normal life for themselves. The bomb itself which was the first atomic bomb ever to be used in warfare was dropped on August 6th 1945. Over 130, 000 people were killed or severely injured by the bomb and its after effects. This means that Kirkup had nothing at all to do with Hiroshima itself as the bomb was dropped before his time. Also he wasn't Japanese. The first poem that I have decided to write about in full is attack by

Effects of Online Advertisements on Newspaper Advertisements Essay

Advertisements can either take the form of print advertising through newspapers, magazines, brochures, and fliers or in non-print form such as those found in television, radio, video, and internet. The key purpose of advertisements is to bring to the attention of potential customers the existence of a new product or service. A good advertisement should be able to persuade the potential customers to purchase and keep them motivated to do a certain action (Tolani, 2010). While the function of advertising has not changed from the act of influencing the decision of a potential customer, the form of advertisement has radually evolved with new advertisement media emerging. Radio advertisement emerged with the coming of radios in the 1920s. The number of people who owned radios increased to about 82% by 1940. However, television was introduced in the 1950s, and was soon a common appliance in almost all households. This resulted in the increase of television advertisement expenditure to near ly $1. 5 billion by 1960s. Outdoor advertisement can be traced back to the post World War era to the American Safety Razor Company in 1925 when it advertised a brushless shaving cream on a mega billboard (Tolani, 2010). The advent of video cassette recorders saw a new trend in advertisement during the period between the early 1980s and late 1990s. The video cassette recorders became very popular with viewers, but video advertisement met a major hitch as viewers easily fast-forwarded ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 11 through advertisements while watching tapes. This compelled firms to resort to product placement in which their products were used in television shows and films. The latest media development in this field is the use of internet for advertising. There has generally been an increase in computer ownership and the use of internet has rapidly grown. It might not be easy to predict the advertisement media that will be widely used in the future. However, it is an open fact that advertisements will continue to improve and strive to become more useful to businesses and to the consumer (Tolani, 2010). Entrepreneurs and business managers are faced with the challenge of making a choice for an advertising media on a daily basis. This is because the success of their establishments greatly depends on the ability of the entrepreneurs and managers to create product and service awareness, build their firm’s image and reputation, and generate sales leads and revenues. These efforts can only be realized by the use of newspaper and magazine advertisements, radio advertisements, television advertisements, outdoor advertising, web advertising, among many other advertising media. What will determine the final medium choice may vary from one business to another and the various factors that are in play toward meeting the specific business objectives (Patsula Media, 2007). Irrespective of the medium of advertisement that a business chooses to use for its products and services, it is important to note that both the print advertising and online advertising are highly necessary, given that the approaches toward both, the purposes, and even the audiences are very different. It is not very advisable to consider one of these media as more effective that the other on mere basis of seasonal variance because either may overtake the other at some give time. A good number of people also have access to both sources and this makes it ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 12 mportant for entrepreneurs and business managers to give due consideration to both (Web Windows, 2010). Thesis Statement Given the increased growth of information that is available over the internet and the subsequent increase in the number of people who tend to spend more time on the internet, companies are turning to advertise their goods and service online so as to capture this newly generated m arket. Emphasis has thus shifted to the possible effects that this emerging trend of online advertisement may have on newsprint advertisement, both in popularity and advertisement revenue. Statement of the Problem Advertisement plays a very important function in the trading processes as it is the only means through which a business can bring to the attention of the consumers about their products, introduce a new product in the market or promote the sales of an existing product or service. All these are core activities—without which, a business setup cannot effectively compete for customers in the already-crowded market. Though there are numerous media through which a business may place its advertisements, the most commonly used medium is the newspaper because of its wide readership and circulation. With the advent and advancement of technology, newspaper publishers have embraced information technology to an extent of presenting their publications both as newsprint and online versions. This advancement means that entrepreneurs have the option of choosing which version of a newspaper through which to place their advertisements. This will mainly be determined by an entrepreneur’s own evaluation of the medium that will best suit the business needs. Lately, there ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 13 as been growing debate about the popularity of online newspaper and newsprint. This debate cannot escape the attention of entrepreneurs who significantly rely on these news media for their advertisements. There is general consensus that online versions of newspapers are gaining popularity among readers worldwide. Could this increasing popularity and, to some extent, translate into increased preference by entrepreneurs to place their advertisements online instead of the newsprint version of newspapers? Background of the Problem Given the central role which newspapers play in the advertisement of goods and services by businesses, it is only important that entrepreneurs give special attention and critical evaluation on the volume of readership and scope of circulation of both the online version and newsprint version of newspapers. This would mean that new considerations are factored in when making a choice for advertisement media by business contrary to previous emphasis that focused only on readership and circulation. Ability to access n advertisement by potential customers is a major concern that attracts heated boardroom debates in companies, particularly due to intense competition for the crowded market. The significance of an advertisement media with regard to scope of outreach means that both entrepreneurs and advertisement agencies have a responsibility to adopt the use of advertisement media capable of optimizing market outreach for a product or service. Key aspects for consideration with regard to ch oice of advertisement media are mainly in areas of target audience and access. These entail considerations of readership and circulation which would ensure that an advertisement reaches the highest number of target audience within the shortest duration possible and draws attention in the most appropriate way. ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 14 While many entrepreneurs are coming up with several measures of ensuring they significantly save on advertisement costs for their products and services, advertising agencies are of the opinion that optimizing market outreach can best be achieved by choosing a media with huge readership and wide circulation. Key areas suggested by advertisement experts include impact and ability to attract attention among other advertisements. When due consideration is given to these two aspects, an advertisement media will be able to achieve market outreach by approximately 70%, which is equivalent to nearly 5% of the total product market in a crowded environment. It is generally agreed that upgrading of newspapers to online versions can help to significantly improve their readership and accessibility, translating to wider market outreach for online advertisements. Such advancement in technology has for long been credited as significant part of increasing readership, expanding circulation, and making lasting impact in advertisement. The most remarkable gain for online advertisement can be attributed to the increase in number of people owning computers and therefore spending a lot of time on the internet unlike the numbers of people buying newsprint and the time they spend reading it. Justification for the Study Effects of online advertisement toward newsprint advertisement are a welcome topic at this time when there is growing concern that newsprint advertisement is becoming less and less effective in an environment where consumers are increasingly getting their information online and from other non-traditional sources. This belief has also drawn a lot of objection from newspaper advertisement sales agent who insist that newsprint advertising is more effective than online advertising. To them, newsprint advertising is tangible, making it possible for a potential ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 15 customer to clip it out, hold in the hand and carry to the store unlike online advertisements, which is only visual. Though online advertisement can cost a business slightly more, it is becoming more popular with consumers and can thus not be simply brushed off. This calls for a strategy that will ensure that this advertisement medium is embraced without jeopardizing the profits of a business. Deficiencies in the evidence The choice of an advertisement media that an entrepreneur or a business opts to use for its products or services are mainly determined by size of business and the target audience— whether they are other businesses, youth, elderly, men or women. The access to an advertisement by these groups of persons is quite varied as all of them have their own preferences of media choices. The youth may be found of internet while the elderly may be accustomed to newsprint. While online advertising may make a big impact among the youth, it may not necessarily do the same with the elderly or housewives. The size of a business will also play a big role in the choice of advertising media. For example, small businesses may not have all the money to invest in certain media which are considered expensive and are therefore a preserve for big businesses. Advertising is an expensive venture and may not be appealing or affordable to all entrepreneurs. This means that the choice of a media may not necessarily be determined by its effectiveness but rather by the investment capacity of any given entrepreneur. Evidence obtained for this study will thus be influenced to a greater extent by individual entrepreneur considerations and not necessarily by the popularity of any given media. ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 16 Definition of Terms Advertising Media: refers to means by which an advertising message is carried to potential customers and includes television, radio, internet, magazines, newspaper, and signage Online Advertising: refers to advertising that is done over the internet Newsprint Advertising: refers to placing advertisements on a newspaper Purpose of the Study The purpose of studying effects of online advertisement toward newsprint advertisement is to: 1. Ensure that entrepreneurs are provided with ample information regarding the various advertisement media to enable them make informed choices 2. Ensure that myths revolving effectiveness of either newsprint advertisement or online advertisement are eliminated and substituted with live statistics 3. Ensure that advertisement agencies are able to adjust their media in a manner that will enable businesses reach their target audience in the most effective way and at the least cost possible 4. Ensure that recommendations are made that would help entrepreneurs make a choice on the most effective media for their advertisements. This study is significant because it would help in ensuring that useful information is made available to help entrepreneurs with their advertisement decisions, particularly those focusing on newsprint and online advertisements. It will also ensure that advancements in technology are ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 17 embraced and advertising services evolve to best meet the opportunities and challenges of the future with regard to market outreach. Hypotheses The following hypotheses were tested in this study: 1. H01: Advertising plays a central role in business success. HA1: Advertising does not play a central role in the success of a business. 2. H02: Most businesses advertise on newsprint media. HA2: Most businesses do not advertise on newsprint media. 3. H03: Most entrepreneurs prefer to use online advertisements for their products. HA3: Most entrepreneurs do not prefer to use online advertisement for their products. 4. H04: Newsprint advertising is more effective that online advertising. HA4: Newsprint advertising is less effective than online advertising. 5. H05: Online advertising is the future of product advertisement. HA5: Online advertising is not the future of product advertisement. Summary The shift in focus by entrepreneurs and businesses to put more attention on online advertisement instead on the traditional advertisement media is broadly seen as one of the main steps toward technological revolution of the advertising industry. This would go a long way in realizing wider market outreach and increased sales for businesses and publishers who embrace the internet for their publications. This, in essence, would mean increased readership for online version of newspapers, translating into bigger profit margins. ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 18 This study has been designed to explore various modes of newspapers as major advertisement media which can be used by entrepreneurs and businesses to advertise their products and services. Special focus has been given to Star Newsprint and Star Online, which are Malaysia’s leading English publications. Chapter two of this work is an extensive literature review on matters relating to online and newsprint publications as well as online and newsprint advertisement. Chapter three is an outline of data collection and treatment while chapters four and five respectively present findings and discussions. Chapter six outlines major conclusions and recommendations. ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 19 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction Newspapers have conventionally played a very significant role in the advertisement of goods and services. This has been mainly attributed to their wide readership and circulation since they can be easily obtained, from the nearest street vendor to the biggest shopping mall in the biggest city. The readership of newspapers also cut across all ages, sexes, and social classes as they normally publish articles that would be useful to all these category of persons in one way or the other,. Newspapers have for long dominated the advertisement scene due to the low costs involved as compared to other advertisement media. Newspaper comes either as newsprint or online. Newspaper publishers have lately resorted to the two kinds of publication to meet the various demands of different readers (Mutter, 2010). The introduction of online version of newspaper has seen a significant drop in the readership of the print newspaper, and this trend is projected to continue into the future. This scenario which is almost inevitable and probably irreversible is generating big concern on the future of printed newspaper as well as newsprint advertisement. The printing of newspaper remains very important for publishers since it is responsible for the biggest volume of revenue for publishers, contributing nearly 90% of the total revenue for a newspaper company. Analyst are quick to point that any attempt to rid of print newspaper would simply through publication companies out of business since the advertising revenue will almost drop to 5%, if not zero (Mutter, 2010). However, the continued survival of print newspaper will to a great extent be determined by consumer demands, good state of an economy, and the interest of marketers to use newsprint ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 20 advertising. It is predicted that with the diminishing economic prospects declining advertising revenue, there is a high possibility of a major drop in consumer demand for print newspapers. This is based on the fact that close to half of print newspaper readers are aged population who are statistically likely to pass out with time. The younger population is not found of print newspapers, and this habit will probably accompany them to old age. Unless this readership habit of the younger population changes, it is quite evident that the print newspaper readership will continue to shrink as the aged population slowly makes their exit, leaving the younger population that has already formed a habit of not reading the print newspaper (Mutter, 2010). Evaluation of Print Newspaper Print newspaper has conventionally been associated with a number of advantages, which have probably made it very popular. It is generally agreed that print newspapers have loyal readership, which makes it a powerful advertising tool as compared to internet. Print newspaper is considered very effective when a particular geographic area is being targeted; for example, when you want to notify people of about a forthcoming sporting event. For those who have information to convey, print newspaper is more flexible in terms of space as one is able to determine the size that would best suit his/her needs. Certain print newspapers enjoy many loyal fans, thus increasing their readership (Lad, 2009). On the other hand, print newspapers have certain disadvantages. Print newspaper generally has limited lifespan, meaning they are only available to the public for a single day after which they are withdrawn from sale. Print newspaper may not give a wide reach as compared with internet that has a global audience. Print newspapers have the limitation in terms of the ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 21 audience who may actually read it, and certain copies may actually not be available on demand at all times (Lad, 2009). Evaluation of Online Newspaper Online newspapers tend to offer information to the reader much more quickly as compared to the print version. The online version is always available on the internet before the print version is on the streets. Online publications can normally be updated several times in a day with the latest news and happenings. Moreover, while print version is purchased, online newspapers are accessed free of charge. This makes it possible for a reader to use a wide spectrum of newspapers possible. Online versions enable users to make use of links to divide large units of information into more easily digestible portions, and to search information in the newspaper is also automated. Readers of online versions are able to archive articles on the computer, contact editors via e-mail, and use interactive games (Lad, 2009). The disadvantages attributed to online versions included the fact that they do not give detailed reports on all the subjects and tend to omit several sections found in the print version. This limits information available to the online reader. Reading from a computer does not convey the traditional experience of reading a newspaper, which is a key characteristic of print newspaper. During peak times when several users are scrambling to access news, the download times are very long. Online newspapers are characterized by so many links which are quite confusing instead of being useful, particularly the amount of research necessary and the need to constantly check the link address. One gets tired looking at the computer screen and it may take time to get used to them (Lad, 2009). ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 22 Case Study: Star Online and Star Newspaper The Star is one of the leading English language newspapers in Malaysia. The statistics issued from the Audit Bureau of Circulation indicate that the print version of this newspaper has a daily circulation of nearly 950,000 copies while the Sunday Star records a readership of nearly 850,000. The publication is mainly owned by the Malaysian Chinese Association. The main competitors of this publication are The Sun and the New Straits Times, which are also published in English. The Star newspaper traces its history back in 1971, when it was first published as a regional newspaper in Georgetown. By 1976, the newspaper had gained national circulation in Malaysia, and established its headquarters at the country’s capital, Kuala Lumpur. The growth in business saw the company relocate to Petaling Jaya, where it is currently based (Star Publication, 2009). The company’s print newspapers, The Star Daily and The Sunday Star are published in five different editions. Two of the editions cover the northern eninsular states of Penang, Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan, and Perak. Two other editions cover the larger country. The Star Daily is divided into sections consisting of the Main Paper, StarBiz, StarTwo, Star Metro, and classified section. The features of the Main Paper are predominantly local and international news. The StarBiz is mainly concerned with trade and reports on market trends, financial reports, and stock market updates. On the other hand, Star Tw o mainly feature articles on entertainment, environment, science, lifestyle, and fashion among several others. Lastly, the content of Star Metro is varied and tends to focus more on the area of circulation (Star Publication, 2009). The continued demand by the publication’s readers saw the emergence of The Star Online, which is an internet version of The Star newspaper. This was in response to the persistent ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 23 demand for an online version of the newspaper, and it finally made entry into the market in 2005. The company prides its strengths as a newspaper on the cornerstones of internet and media ventures. The Star Online and its many components are produced, managed, developed, and contributed to by the Star Division, The Star Online and Multimedia Newsdesk teams of The Star’s Editorial Department (Star Publication, 2009). Newsprint Advertisement Advertisement can be traced to the emergence of trading activities from very early days as evidenced by archeological artifacts drawn from different parts of the world. With the invention of the printing press in 1440 by Johannes Gutenberg who was a German Goldsmith, merchants were able to duplicate advertisements for their wares. By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, newsprint advertising had become the primary means for companies to communicate their sales and promotions to the consumers. This was mainly through media such as newspapers, magazines, fliers, posters, and billboards (Walker, 2010). Following the invention of printing press, advertisements became a common place in weekly newspapers and periodical journals. The items, which were mainly featured in such advertisements, included new machines, other print publications or reported the discoveries and inventions of the enlightenment era. The first newsprint to offer advertising space for sale was the French publication La Presse in 1836. This saw this newsprint being sold more cheaply, hence recorded increased readership and profitability. This move inspired other newspapers and magazines across the world to follow suit in this commercial strategy. In the contemporary newsprint, advertising designers are able to visualize highly creative commercials through digital image manipulation in order to make the biggest market impact (Walker, 2010). ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 24 Newsprints still remain key advertisement medium for every business to such a point that it is hard to imagine doing business without advertising in a newspaper or a magazine. This is particularly important for small businesses that can hardly afford other media of advertisement. Paid-circulation newspapers have for long dominated the mass media market for advertisement as reflected in advertisement sales volumes. Newspapers are very popular with both multinational businesses and small-scale dealers. This is probably due to the fact that businesses come in three distinct forms namely local, regional, and national newspapers each targeting different audience according to its scope of circulation (Patsula Media, 2007). Advantages There are a number of advantages that print newspaper advertisements have over online advertisements. Print newspapers have very wide circulation as almost every home in the city subscribed to daily access of a printed newspaper. Where the advertisement is intended to reach audience only in a particular geographical region, print newspaper readily permits this. The printed advertisement benefits from both permanence and desired obsolescence. This means that a reader is able to refer back or even cut out a particular advert. Print newspapers have a predictable frequency of publication, either on daily or weekly basis, making it possible for advertisers to target days of wider readership for their adverts (Brassil, 2010). The immediacy that print newspapers have makes it possible for urgent advertisements to be responded fast, thereby producing urgent results. When deadlines are short, it permits quick responses to changing market conditions. Readers are already accustomed themselves to getting advertisements on print newspapers to an extent that a good number buys print newspapers just to read advertisements. At the same time, print newspaper reading has nearly become a habit for ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 25 most people. Specific sector adverts can be very easily placed on the various sections of print newspaper such as sports, news, and classifieds to ensure the target is directly hit (Brassil, 2010). Print newspapers give advertisers a lot of flexibility both in size and placement. This means that production changes can be easily responded to whenever the need arises. Advertisements that are placed on print newspapers can be examined at leisure since the exposure is not limited, thus readers are able to take their time going through the message. Since placement on print newspaper can be tailored to a size that suits the budget of the advertiser, it is possible even for small businesses to place their small adverts at low costs. Print newspapers offer wide options to advertisers whether place their advertisements as copy only, copy with graphics, colored, or black and white. Finally, print newspapers features supplements which readers can easily pull out and save (Brassil, 2010). Disadvantages Advertising on print newspaper has not escaped its own set of shortcomings. Because of the large number of advertisements which are featured on the newspaper, any particular advertisement must compete for reader’s attention. This means that readers who only spend a few minutes reading the print newspaper may fail to capture the advertisement. At the same time, there is hardly a guarantee that everybody who reads the print newspaper will read the advertisements placed in it. This is because a print newspaper has several sections and not all readers read every section of the newspaper. The short lifespan, normally daily, that newspapers have forces advertisers to insert multiple advertisements even for a whole week so as to reach a good number of readers. This may be expensive particularly for small businesses (Brassil, 2010). ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 26 Online Advertisement The revolution in information and communication technology has come with both opportunities and risks for the business community, particularly from the point of view of the traditionally-established media. Internet as a form of computer aided communication is equally unsure for the print media. The technical potential in advertisement that online newspaper offers surpasses that of the printed newspaper in several ways. Online newspaper is interactive multimedia for providing internal and external networks, while offering a selection of functions, possibility for regular updates, access to archives, rapid access to large number of newspapers, and being paperless, thus ensuring there is no problem of waste disposal (Neuberger, Tonnemacher, Bibl & Duck, 1998). Advantages The economic constraints that businesses face on everyday basis often leave enterprises with very little money to spare on advertising. This is more common among the small businesses who often find themselves light in the pocket. It is therefore important to opt for an advertisement medium that give optimum output and minimal costs. Online advertisement is generally seen to be complacent in this line than the traditional newsprint advertisement. When online advertisements are on a pay-per-click basis, an entrepreneur only pays when a potential customer clicks on the advert and ends up on the entrepreneur’s website. This ensures that businesses only pay for leads that end up in their website as opposed to mass messages in the print newspaper that may or may not reach the target audience. There is therefore maximum return on investment for a business using online advertisement (Rogers, 2010). ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 27 Online advertisement also works very quickly given the fact that the day that one gets started is the same day that results manifest. There is basically neither waiting period nor long startup process. Once an entrepreneur is ready to get started, he/she can very easily launch a successful advertisement promotion on a number of channels. This tends to produce quick results and the campaign can also be maintained for a longer period of time unlike print newspapers which have daily lifespan. Online advertisement enables businesses to target their markets more efficiently than print newspapers. This can be achieved through the use of social networks that an entrepreneur considers relevant to the campaign. Once these social networks are identified, a business can dig very deeply into their niche, enabling them to produce the maximum results with very little investment (Rogers, 2010). Advertising online has the advantage of giving elaborate and thorough statistics that enables a business to tweak and optimize their campaigns to the maximum. This is a total deviation from newsprint advertising when one can do very little to track the success of one campaign as compared to another. Online advertising avails quite a number of information just at a mouse click. With online advertising, an entrepreneur is able to monitor the number of people who visits the business website, where they come from, what they did once they were there, and many other details. Online advertisement also allows full control and analysis since one is able to manage how many times to show up in the search engines, thus make it possible to gain huge returns for the business (Rogers, 2010). Disadvantages One key disadvantage that is associated with online advertisement relates to advertising overload as there is incredible amount of clutter on most web pages. This arises from the fact that ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT every advertiser tries to draw the attention of web viewers, making readers have access to too much information which they can hardly digest. Under these circumstances, the web viewers normally choose to ignore the advertisements and this will lead to low rates of return. Also, online advertisement is still a new concept for many advertisement agencies, which simply cannot tell just yet which advertising method works best (Rogers, 2010). 28 ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 29 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY Introduction In research undertaking, the methodology section is one of the crucial areas to be tackled in a proposal document because it forms the basis of the results of research findings. A research can be faced with big challenges due to wrong choice of method used. To avoid this, good planning of the method is essential and in order to get reliable results. The issue of reliability establishes that a research should have the ability to show consistency in the results even after a study is repeatedly done by different researchers. Reliability in research study can also be enhanced through good structure of the methodology. When the correct data collection methods are used, proportional samples are collected, and the correct method of analysis is used, a research can achieve validity. Since this thesis is inductive in nature, it prompted the application of a qualitative methodology. This means that the views of newspaper publishers and advertisement experts have been given a lot of weight. This was done by administering both physical and online questionnaires as well as conducting in-depth interviews—each lasting nearly 45 minutes. Those interviewed had to be newspaper publishers, advertisement agencies, and general newspaper readers in Malaysia who have been in the sector for the last five years. Moreover, at the time of the interview, they were actively engaged in related media and general businesses. This ensured very rich data was gathered from persons with a wealth of experience. Data Collection Methods The key purpose of data collection was to ensure that a rich set of description was obtained. To achieve this, the interviews were transcribed in real time by the interviewer. The ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 30 responses were then reduced and analyzed by adopting principles of data codification and clustering (Miles & Huberman, 1994). This was supplemented by administration of questionnaires as well as comprehensive review of relevant literature. Sources The data gathered for this research is from a wide range of documentary sources relating to newspapers as advertisement medium in general as well as those specifically relating to print newspaper and online newspaper giving special emphasis to The Star Publications. These mainly included policy documents and academic and the non-academic documents. First, journals on newspaper advertisements were searched. Second, electronic databases were searched using key words like ‘newsprint advertisement’, ‘online advertisement’ ‘real The Star newspaper’ and ‘effects of online advertisement on newsprint advertisement. ’ Literature review included both conceptual and empirical works, with about 15 articles reviewed for this study. Interviews The interviews dwelt on the following areas: ? The considerations when choosing advertisement media ? The relationship between newspaper readership and circulation and advertisement impact ? The means of promoting advertisement on both print newspaper and online newspaper so as to enable business reap maximum benefits from these advertisement media ? What the future holds for print newspapers and online newspapers, with emphasis on The Star Daily and The Star Online. ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 31 Questionnaires A questionnaire survey of the newspaper publication sector was conducted to understand the aspects of print newspaper and online newspaper advertisements in Malaysia. The survey was explanatory in nature as the objective was to gain insight on the effects of online advertisement on newsprint advertisement. The questionnaire was administered to nearly 100 Malaysia entrepreneurs, 100 Star Publication readers, and over 100 advertisement experts. The set sent to the entrepreneurs and advertisement experts included a cover letter, which explains the purpose and need for the study, the questionnaire document, and a prepaid reply envelope. Letters reminding the respondents of the questionnaires were later sent to those who had not responded within the three weeks duration. Case Study This thesis involves classical use of case studies to gain a deeper insight through the application of a set of ideas. A multiple case study approach helps in developing a theory which is better grounded, more accurate, and more generalized (Eisenhardt & Graebner, 2007). Case studies are introduced to test the possible effects that advertising in online newspapers could have on advertising on print newspapers, and the users’ adoption of one over the other. The use of case study is important in practical testing of theories with practitioners in real life situation. The case study organizations are selected based on the idea of theoretical sampling. This is because when it comes to building a theory, theoretical sampling tends to be preferred as compared to generalized concept found in statistical studies. This means that the cases are chosen for theoretical and not for statistical reasons (Schroeder, Linderman, Liedtke & Choo, 2008). An analysis has been developed on how the use of online advertisement is steadily gaining popularity among entrepreneurs in Malaysia, and particularly the use of The Star Online. ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 32 Survey Analysis From the nearly 100 questionnaires that were mailed to entrepreneurs, 85 were returned. This represented an 85% response to the questionnaires. However, those that contained usable data were only 70, thus a satisfactory response rate can be said to have been reasonably attained. From the 100 questionnaires administered to advertisement experts, 80 were duly completed and handed over. From these about 74 contained usable data representing nearly 80% response rate which can be considered satisfactory. Ninety-five out of the 100 readers of both versions of The Star duly responded to the questionnaires and all had useful data. Chart 1 Treatment of Data In research, the data collected need to be synthesized in order to make sense with regard to what is being studied. The data from the questionnaires in this research were analyzed extensively to retrieve the information contained in them (Zikmund, 2003). The triangulation method for data analysis and interpretation was used to interpret the data collected, basing arguments on grounded theory (Dick, 2000; Knafl & Breitmayer, 1991). In addition, the information obtained from the case study were analyzed individually and thereafter, a comparison was made between the different data sources. ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 33 Research Limitations The main limitation that may be pointed out in this research is the use of a single case study. However, it is also true that online advertisement is still a recent concept that has not gained much popularity among entrepreneurs. At the same time, the single case approach has weight in the sense that it allows the achievement of a comprehensive analysis. Some of the information have also not been validated through multiple case analyses so as to provide a solid and practical basis for understanding the effects of online advertisement on newsprint advertisement. Rigor, Validity, Reliability, and Ethics The four categories of quality management in research were highly considered. These include validity, reliability, ethics, and rigor (Zikmund, 2003). Reliability of a research is its ability to demonstrate consistency in results; this was achieved through the control of sample by stratifying the population to get a more representative sample. On the other hand, validity is the ability of a scale to measure what it is intended to measure but not going beyond the topic of the study. The triangulation method was used to control this aspect in the thesis. Ethics involves adherence to the norms accepted in gathering of information and this has been ensured by providing secrecy on the information collected from the entrepreneurs. Lastly, the rigor of the research was directed toward efficient sample size in a critical facet in any investigation. The main purpose that a researcher utilizes a sample is to reduce the charges and to collect important data faster (Zikmund, 2003). ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT Human Rights Protection The people who were interviewed were assured of their confidentiality. In addition, the information gathered ensures the people’s privacy. The entrepreneurs and their businesses will have their rights protected. Research Schedule/Timeline This research took a period of eight weeks. This is considered an ideal timeframe given the busy schedule of some of the subjects who were to be interviewed and have granted appointments at later dates. A detailed summary of the work plan for the research has been tabulated below: Table 1: Work Plan Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Research proposal Preliminary literature review search Literature review and writing Interviews Case study collection Interview editing, coding and interpretation Report interpretation Report writing and presentation 34 ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 35 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS Research findings indicate that The Star Online is not yet well explored as regularly as The Star Daily print version. According to the survey, only 41% of the users of The Star Online read it daily, as opposed to the 60% who read The Daily Star daily. Chart 2 Seventy percent read The Star Online edition several times a week, while 80% read The Star Daily several times a week. Only 5% of online users say they never read a print version. Online newspapers are read less frequently and also for shorter periods than printed newspapers. Four out of five users (81%) spend less than an hour reading The Star Online on days when they read it. Only 35% of print readers spend such a short time on it. About one-third of the readers of both The Star Online and The Star Daily were unwilling to pin themselves down to a particular time of day for reading the paper. One in four (25%) said they read The Star Daily between 5 and 9 a. m. The main time for reading The Star Online is around 6 p. m. (38%)—this is the time preferred by users of the online edition, which can be read ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 36 on the evening before the printed version appears or which are updated several times in the course of the day. In The Star Online version, the classic sections of the newspaper are the most frequently used. The section Local News is also highly popular. One in three readers of the online version uses the archive frequently (32%) and only about one-third of users did not read the small ads (37%). Items with entertainment value or with feedback possibilities were not very popular. Clear differences emerged between the different kinds of versions, and this only shows that preferences are transferred from the print media to their online equivalents. Proof of this is the strong interest in Local/Regional Affairs of Internet users of local and regional newspapers or the importance attached to up-to-date information on politics and business matters. A number of questions dealt with the comparison of the information content of The Star Online compared with The Star Daily. Compared with the print version, the online newspaper was rated 45% of the respondents as providing more expanse of information, while only 30% voted in favor of the print version on this criterion; 20% rated both versions on this count. The smaller size of The Star Online compared with The Star Daily may be the reason that the print newspaper was rated by considerably more respondents as providing greater scope of information. Chart 3 ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 37 Regarding finding information in the paper, the position is more positive for The Star Online: 50% of users stated that they could find their way around just as well as in The Star Daily, while 20% were able to find their way around the online version better. With regard to entertainment value, 40% of users found The Star Online just as good as print version, 35% of users rated print version better and 27% favored online version. What about reader loyalty? About 65% would have chosen The Star Daily and just fewer than 30% would have preferred The Star Online, if only one of the versions had been available. The decision in favor of the print version was based on its portability, while the advantages of the online version were seen as being its accessibility from outside the normal circulation area and the avoidance of unwanted paper. The main advantage, however, in the eyes of the respondents was that online newspapers are normally provided free of charge. It is therefore not surprising that only 35% of users would be prepared to accept a charge. Out of these, 80% stated that they would only be willing to pay for online newspapers if they were cheaper than print newspapers. Only 1% of those users willing to accept a charge could imagine paying more for online newspapers. Apparently, then, users are not willing to pay for the advantages of online newspapers. ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 38 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION The case study of Star Publications shows that online newspaper users base their activities and/or expectations on the print newspaper and use or design their product accordingly. The online user knows what to expect of a site as the online version retains the name of the printed version, use a similar layout, and similar contents. Moreover, the positive image of a paper can be transferred to the internet. On the other hand, too strong orientation toward the printed original could mean that the possibilities offered by internet technology are not fully exploited—that copy is simply lifted from the printed version. Given such trends toward the future consumption of newspapers, it is clear that online newspapers are steadily taking over the readership of print newspapers. This has the potential of influencing the choices of advertisement media, which entrepreneurs will be making regarding print newspapers or online newspapers. The concern for newspaper publishers would be about the timeframe for which their print newspaper audience would be big enough to justify such huge investment toward publication and distribution of print newspapers. Similar concern would be to entrepreneurs and businesses which still rely heavily on print newspaper for their advertisements. Are they likely to continue using print newspapers for their advertisements or the trend would most likely shift toward online newspapers? The introduction of charges for use seems scarcely possible—at least not as long as the same or similar information is available on the Internet free of charge. The doubts of the advertising industry may evaporate as the Internet becomes increasingly widespread and commonly used (Mutter, 2010). ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 39 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Major Conclusions It would be quite wrong and misleading to rule out the future of print newspapers as advertising media just because of the increased use of online advertising. The reality is that paid circulation newspapers like The Star and Sunday Star still remain very popular advertising media for both local and international businesses. Print newspapers are the most aged forms of mass media, and will thus continue to be dominant in this field, recording big volumes of advertising revenue. Multinationals and local convenience store will continue to depend on print newspapers for their advertisements. Print newspapers are found in each and every community worldwide and readers are very fond of them (Brassil, 2010). Both online and newsprint advertisement have their characteristics which show strong and weak points. This explains why despite the perceived decline in readership of print newspapers, a scan through a print newspaper will reveal a number of businesses that continue to place their advertisements on daily basis. The continued presence of advertisements on newsprint clearly indicates that it still works as a very effective advertisement medium. Although printed newspaper no longer enjoys exclusive monopoly as the predominant source of news, it is clear that they still remain a strong factor in their specific sphere of influence, and online advertisement is not about to edge it out (Brassil, 2010) Recommendations 1. Entrepreneurs should highly consider using both print and online newspapers for their advertisements since both have reasonable number of loyal readers. ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 2. When placing advertisements on online newspapers, designers should avoid putting a lot of emphasis on feedbacks since readers rarely give them attention. 3. Advertisements on both versions of newspapers should be critically placed on segments that are frequented by readers so as to attract their attention with ease. 4. Links placed on online newspapers should be more easy to use so that readers can easily navigate through the paper. 5. Most advertisements that target younger persons should be preferably placed on online newspapers while those targeting older people should be placed on print versions.